Andhra Pradesh ( ) ( ) is one of the 29. Situated in the south-east of the country, it is the in, covering an area of 162,970 km 2 (62,920 sq mi). As per the, it is the state, with 49,386,799 inhabitants. The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is., one of the, is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh.
On 2 June 2014, the north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state and the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh, was transferred to Telangana as part of the division. However, in accordance with the, Hyderabad was to remain as the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years. The new capital, is under the jurisdiction of the (APCRDA). Andhra Pradesh has a of 974 km (605 mi) – the second longest coastline among the states of, after – with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km 2 of territorial waters. The state is bordered by in the north-west, and in the north-east, in the west, in the south, and to the east lies the.
Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh, Indian state located in the southeastern part of the subcontinent. It is bounded by the Indian states of Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the southwest and west, Telangana to the northwest and north, and Odisha to the northeast. The capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana is Hyderabad.
The small enclave of, a district of, lies to the south of in the delta on the eastern side of the state. The state is made up of the two major regions of, in the inland southwestern part of the state, and to the east and northeast, bordering the Bay of Bengal. The state comprises thirteen districts in total, nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema. The largest city and commercial hub of the state are, located on the Bay of Bengal, with a GDP of 43.5 billion; the second largest city in the state is, located on the banks of the, which has a GDP of US$3 billion (as of 2010 ). The is the in India with ₹8.70 lakh crore (US$120 billion) in and a per capita GDP of ₹142,000 (US$2,000).
Andhra Pradesh hosted 121.8 million visitors in 2015, a 30% growth in tourist arrivals over the previous year, making it the state in India. The in is one of the world's most visited religious sites, with 18.25 million visitors per year. Other in the state include the at, the at, the in, the at, the in, and in.
The state's include the of, such as the and, and the island of in the delta. Main article: Toponomy A tribe named Andhra was mentioned in texts such as (800–500 ). According to Aitareya Brahmana of the, the Andhra left north India and settled in south India. The Satavahanas have been mentioned by the names Andhra, Andhrara-jateeya and in the. They did not refer themselves as Andhra in any of their coins or inscriptions; it is possible that they were termed as Andhras because of their ethnicity or because their territory included the Andhra region. Early and medieval history. Telugu Thalli Archaeological evidence from places such as, and suggests that the Andhra region was part of the.
Amaravati might have been a regional centre for the Mauryan rule. After the death of Emperor, Mauryan rule weakened around 200 BCE and was replaced by several smaller in the Andhra region. The dominated the from the to the.
The later Satavahanas made and their capital, which according to the Buddhists is the place where, the philosopher of lived in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The, with their capital at, succeeded the Satavahanas in the valley in the latter half of the 2nd century. Pallavas, who were originally executive officers under the Satavahana kings, were not a recognised political power before the 2nd century AD and were swept away by the invasion, led by Pulakesin II in the first quarter of the 7th century CE. After the downfall of the Ikshvakus, the were the first great dynasty in the 5th and 6th centuries, and held sway over the entire Andhra country, including and parts of. They played an important role in the history of Deccan during the 5th and 6th century CE, with, Amaravathi and Puranisangam.
The were an ancient dynasty that ruled the Andhra region between Godavari and Krishna with their capital at Vengi (modern ) from 300 to 440 CE. The of, whose dynasty lasted for around five hundred years from the 7th century until 1130 C.E., eventually merged with the. They continued to rule under the protection of the Chola empire until 1189 C.E. When the kingdom succumbed to the and the. The roots of the have been seen on inscriptions found near the district and from others dating to the rule of Renati Cholas in the fifth century.
Ruled Andhra Pradesh state for nearly two hundred years and constructed several forts. They were succeeded by the. The (1325–1448 CE) was established by Prolaya Vema Reddi in the early, who ruled from present day Kondaveedu. Prolaya Vema Reddi was part of the confederation of states that started a movement against the invading Muslim armies of the in 1323 CE and succeeded in repulsing them from. They constructed which they ruled between 1328–1428, before it was taken over by the of Orissa, and later ravaged by the rulers of the in 1458. The emperor captured it in 1516.
The fought for the fort in 1531, 1536 and 1579, and Sultan captured it in 1579, renaming it Murtuzanagar. Again it was reconquered by Vijayanagarans who overthrew sultanate rule across the entirety of modern-day Andhra Pradesh (excluding Telangana). After this rebellion, the Bahmani sultans launched no further military campaigns outside their kingdoms, because the Marathas soon emerged as the strongest power in India.
Efforts are in progress to classify as a UNESCO., the greatest kings during Vijayanagara times ruled parts of Andhra Pradesh state with as capital for nearly three hundred years. Rajmahal of Fort The Vijayanagara Empire originated in the region in the early 14th century. It was established in 1336 by and his brother of the. The empire's patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in, and, while evolved into its current form.
The group of monuments are culturally and archaeologically significant as it is the location of shrines dedicated to, and which were built during the Kings' period (1336–1646). The temples are the location of mural paintings of the Vijayanagara kings, Dravidian art, and inscriptions. Near the temple complex is a large granite. On a hillock known as Kurma Saila ('tortoise-shaped hill') are other temples to Papanatheswara,.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken the initiative for including the 'Lepakshi Group of Monuments' among the. Modern history and, who served as treasury officers of the Kakatiyas of Warangal, founded the. In 1347, an independent Muslim state, the, was established in by in a revolt against the Delhi Sultanate. The held sway over the Andhra country for about two hundred years from the early part of the sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century.
In the early nineteenth century, was ceded to the British East India Company and became part of the. Eventually, this region emerged as the region.
Later the rulers of Hyderabad ceded five territories to the British that eventually became the region. The Nizams retained control of the interior provinces as the of, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy. However, a tribal leader, started his fight against the erstwhile for the liberation of. Meanwhile, the occupied, in the Godavari delta, and (save for periods of British control) would hold it until 1954. In 1947 Vizianagaram was the largest Hindu princely state in Andhra Pradesh.
From the United Kingdom in 1947. The Nizam wanted to retain the independence of the Princely Hyderabad State from India, but the people of the region launched a movement to join the Indian Union. The state of Hyderabad was forcibly joined to the Republic of India with in 1948. Post-independence. Archaeological Museums map of Andhra Pradesh In an effort to gain an independent state based on linguistic identity, and to protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of, fasted to death in 1952. As Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a JVP committee report stated: 'Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)'.
After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of was carved out of on 1 October 1953, with as its capital city. On the basis of the of 1 November 1956, the formed Andhra Pradesh by merging Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of the already existing. Hyderabad was made the capital of the new state. The Marathi-speaking areas of Hyderabad State merged with and the Kannada-speaking areas were merged with.
In February 2014, the bill was passed by the for the formation of the state comprising. Will remain as a joint capital for not exceeding ten years. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the. Number of petitions questioning the validity of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 is long pending for the verdict since April 2014 before the constitutional bench.
Geography. At Srisailam The state has varied ranging from the hills of and to the shores of that supports varied ecosystems, rich diversity of flora and fauna. There are two main rivers namely, and, that flow through the state. The seacoast of the state extends along the from to. The plains to the east of Eastern Ghats form the. The coastal plains are for the most part of delta regions formed by the Godavari, Krishna,. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and individual sections have local names.
The Eastern Ghats are a major dividing line in the state's geography. The Kadapa Basin formed by two arching branches of the Eastern Ghats is a mineral-rich area. The Ghats become more pronounced towards the south and extreme north of the coast.
![Capital of andhra pradesh in marathi Capital of andhra pradesh in marathi](http://www.india.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/andhra-112233.jpg)
Most of the coastal plains are put to intense agricultural use. The region has semi-arid conditions. Natural vegetation and conservation. Mangrove forest near Kakinada The deals with protection, conservation and management of. The total forest cover of the state after the bifurcation is left with an area of 22,862 km 2. The forest in the state can be broadly divided into four major biotic provinces.
They are:. Central Plateau. Eastern Highland. East Coastal Plains region is home to dense tropical forests, while the vegetation becomes sparse as the Ghats give way to the Deccan Plateau, where shrub vegetation is more common. The vegetation found in the state is largely of dry deciduous types with a mixture of, etc.
The state has many, and, such as, and., and attract many migratory birds. The state possesses some rare and endemic plants like, Terminalia pallida, Syzygium alternifolium, Shorea talura, Shorea tumburgia, etc. The diversity of fauna includes tigers, panthers, hyenas, black bucks, cheetals, sambars, sea turtles and a number of birds and reptiles. The estuaries of the Godavari and Krishna Rivers support rich mangrove forests with fishing cats and otters as keystone species. Climate The climate of Andhra Pradesh varies considerably, depending on the geographical region.
Summers last from March to June. In the coastal plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the state, with temperature ranging between 20 °C and 41 °C. July to September is the season for tropical rains. About one third of the total rainfall is brought by the. October and November see low-pressure systems and tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal which, along with the northeast monsoon, bring rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state. November, December, January, and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh.
Since the state has a long coastal belt the winters are not very cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 12 °C to 30 °C. In is the only place in South India which receives snowfall because of its location as at 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above the sea level. It is also nicknamed as the Kashmir of Andhra Pradesh and the temperature ranges from 0 °C to 10 °C. Demographics. — 1971 43,503,000 20.9% 1981 53,550,000 23.1% 1991 66,508,000 24.2% 2001 75,727,000 13.9% 2011 84,665,533 11.8% Includes. Source:Census of India As of 2011, the state had a population of 49,386,799 with a population density of 308/km 2 (800/sq mi).
According to Polavaram ordinance bill 2014, 7 mandals of Khammam district in Telangana state merged with Andhra Pradesh to facilitate polavaram project, due to which population of 2,47,515 added to Andhra Pradesh. Thus the final population of Andhra Pradesh in the year 2014, as per census 2011 is 4,96,34,314, with a density of 304.5/km 2. The total population constitute, 70.4% of rural population with 34,776,389 inhabitants and 29.6% of urban population with 14,610,410 inhabitants. Children in the age group of 0–6 years are 5,222,384, constituting 10.6% of the total population, among them 2,686,453 are boys and 2,535,931 are girls. Has the largest urban population of 47.5% and with 83.8%, has the largest rural population, among others districts in the state. The overall population of the state comprises 17.1% of Scheduled Caste and 5.3% of Scheduled Tribe population.
There are 24,738,068 male and 24,648,731 female citizens—a of 996 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. The literacy rate of the state stands at 67.41%. However, Post bifurcation from, the state is expected to reach 91.1% by 2021. Has the highest literacy rate of 74.6% and has the least with 58.9%. Majority of the people in Andhra Pradesh are Hindus while Muslims constitute a sizeable minority. According to the 2011 census, the major religious groups in the state are Hindus (90.87%), Muslims (7.32%) and Christians (1.38%). Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains and the people who declined to state their religion make up the remaining portion of population.
Hinduism at is the world's second richest temple and is visited by millions of devotees throughout the year. Andhra Pradesh is home to Shankaracharya of Pushpagiri Peetham. Other Hindu saints include, Yogi Vemana,. Rock-cut statue at near, Buddhism spread to Andhra Pradesh early in its history. The Krishna River valley was 'a site of extraordinary Buddhist activity for almost a thousand years.'
The ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Krishna Valley, including Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda and Jaggayyapeta 'can be traced to at least the third century BCE, if not earlier.' The region played a central role in the development of, along with the -area in northeastern India.
Holds that 'the Mahāyāna originated in the south of India and almost certainly in the Andhra country.' According to Xing, 'Several scholars have suggested that the Prajnaparamita probably developed among the Mahasamghikas in Southern India probably in the Andhra country, on the Krishna River.' The Sutras belong to the earliest. Administrative divisions Regions Andhra Pradesh comprises two regions:.
Districts. West godavari district Collectorate Complex,Eluru is the lower house of the state and is the upper house with 58 members. In the, Andhra Pradesh has 11 seats in the, and 25 seats in the. There are a total of 175 in the state.
Has the most number of with 19 and has the least with 9 assembly seats. Whereas, the legislative council of the state has 58 seats, which is one-third of total assembly seats.
Until 1962, the CPI, along with socialist parties namely and Krishi Lok Party played an important role in the 1950s. In the 1967 state assembly elections, all socialist parties were eliminated and lost opposition party status.
The first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh was who later served as President of India. In 1983, the (TDP) won the state elections and became the chief minister of the state for the first time. This broke the long time single party monopoly enjoyed by the INC from 1956 until 1982. Is the founder of Telugu Desam party and served as the first chief minister from the party.
The 1989 elections ended the rule of, with the party returning to power with at the helm. He was replaced by in 1990, who was replaced by in 1992. Held the record for the longest serving chief minister (1995 to 2004). In 1994, Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to the again, and became the chief minister again., the son-in-law of NTR, came to power with the backing of a majority of the. The Telugu Desam Party won both the assembly and election in 1999 under the leadership of.
In what would be the last elections held in the unified state, got a mandate in their favour in the residuary (new)state., the chief of became on 8 June 2014, for the new state of Andhra Pradesh. Visakhapatnam Skyline, overlooking seaport Andhra Pradesh was ranked eighth among other Indian states in terms of for the financial year 2014–2015.
The GSDP at current prices was ₹5,200.3 billion (US$72 billion) and at constant prices was ₹2,645.21 billion (US$37 billion). The domestic product of agriculture sector accounts for ₹545.99 billion (US$7.6 billion) and Industrial sector for ₹507.45 billion (US$7.1 billion). The service sector of the state accounts more percentage of the GSDP with a total of ₹1,305.87 billion (US$18 billion). In the 2010 list by magazine, there were several from Andhra Pradesh among the top 100 richest Indians. Agriculture. Map of Sugar industries in Andhra Pradesh (click on the image for maximum view) Andhra Pradesh economy is mainly based on agriculture and livestock. Four important rivers of India, the, and flow through the state and provide irrigation.
60 percent of population is engaged in agriculture and related activities. Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state.
It is an exporter of many agricultural products and is also known as 'Rice Bowl of India'. The state has three Agricultural Economic Zones in Chittoor district for mango pulp and vegetables, Krishna district for mangoes, Guntur district for chilies. Besides rice, farmers also grow jowar, bajra, maize, minor millet, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oil seeds, nuts and tobacco. Crops used for vegetable oil production such as and peanuts are popular. There are many multi-state irrigation projects under development, including.
Livestock and poultry is also another profitable business, which involves rearing cattle in enclosed areas for commercial purposes. The state is also a largest producer of eggs in the country and hence, it is nicknamed as ' Egg Bowl of Asia'. Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and over 70% of the shrimp production of India. The geographical location of the state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production. The most exported marine exports include and are expected to cross $1 billion in 2013–2014.
Infrastructure Andhra Pradesh is investing in building infrastructure in the state such as highways and making every service of the government digital. Passes through Andhra pradesh.The are also being widened. Is an initiative of government of Andhra pradesh to setup an optical fiber network throughout the thirteen districts of.This network provides Internet connectivity, telephony and with fiber to private and corporate users of Andhra pradesh. The state also has sea ports such as, for import and export and a shipyard for building ships at Visakhapatnam. Major airports in the state are Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupati with, and being international airports. Industrial sector. Development Centre, The industrial sector of the state includes some of the key sectors like, etc.
Located in is an integrated business city which is home to firms including, etc. The firm has its largest plant in at Sri City. The state is also emerging as destination for Automobile industry which already hosts companies including in Krishna district, in Chittoor district, in Anantapur district.
The state is also emerging in information technology and biotechnology. The IT/ITES revenues of is at ₹14.45 billion (US$200 million) in 2012–2013. The development of IT in Tier-II and Tier-III cities like, and is also improving. In the fiscal year 2012–2013, Vijayawada's IT/ITeS revenues were ₹1,153 million (US$16 million) crore. With ₹693 million (US$9.6 million) and with ₹615 million (US$8.6 million) stand next.
For the benefit of state i.e., After separating Telangana from andhra, people of andhra protested for special status during the month of January in 2017 Resources Andhra Pradesh is one of the storehouses of mineral resources in. Andhra Pradesh with varied geological formations, contain rich and variety of industrial minerals and building stones. Andhra Pradesh is listed top in the deposit and production of mica in India. Minerals found in the state include limestone, reserves of oil and natural gas, manganese, asbestos, iron ore, ball clay, fire clay, gold diamonds, graphite, dolomite, quartz, tungsten, steatitic, feldspar, silica sand.
It has about one third of India's reserves and is known for large exclusive deposits of barytes and galaxy granite in the international market. Mining Mining is identified as one of the growth engines for the overall development of industry and infrastructure. The in Andhra has confirmed 49,000 tonnes of ore and there are indications that it could hold reserves totalling three times its current size. 700 million tonnes of metal grade Bauxite deposits in proximity to. Reliance Industries Limited struck nine trillion cubic feet of gas reserves in the, 150 km (93 mi) off the Andhra Pradesh coast near. Discovery of large quantity of natural gas in KG Basin is expected to provide rapid economic growth. During the year 2016, nearly 134 trillion cubic feet of deposits were explored in KG basin whose extraction is adequate to impart for many decades to India.
Power plants. At a house in Vijayawada Machilipatnam and Srikalahasti Kalamkari are the two unique textile art forms practised in India. There are also other notable handicrafts present in the state, like the soft carvings of.
In is notable for its industry, producing lacquered wooden. The state has many museums, which features a varied collection of ancient sculptures, paintings, idols, weapons, cutlery and inscriptions, and religious artifacts such as the, and in displays the history of the pre-Independence and the in with large collection of artifacts. Literature. Main article:, and form the trinity who translated the epic into. Nannayya wrote the first treatise on Telugu grammar called Andhra Shabda Chintamani in Sanskrit, as there was no grammatical work in Telugu prior to that. Is the poet who composed the classic Srimad Maha Bhagavatamu, a Telugu translation of Sri Bhagavatam.
Is notable for his philosophical poems. The emperor wrote.
Telugu literature after is termed as Adhunika Telugu Sahityam (Modern Telugu literature). He is known as Gadya Tikkana and was the author of Telugu, Satyavati Charitam. Holders from the state include. The Andhra Pradesh native and revolutionary poet brought new forms of expressionism into Telugu literature. Art and Cinema.
Dance Many composers of like, and were of Telugu descent. Modern Carnatic music composers and singers like, Sujatha Puligella and are also of Telugu descent. The Telugu film industry hosts many music composers and playback singers such as,. Folk songs are very important and popular in the many rural areas of the state. Forms such as the and Poli are still performed today.
Harikathaa Kalakshepam (or Harikatha) involves the narration of a story, intermingled with various songs relating to the story. Harikatha was originated in Andhra. Burra katha is an technique with the topic be either a mythological story or a contemporary social issue. Rangasthalam is an in the, based predominantly in Andhra Pradesh. Wrote the play, in 1892, which is often considered the greatest play in the Telugu language. Is cited as the father of Telugu movement. The Telugu film industry is largely based in,.
The Telugu film culture (or, ') is the second -largest film industry in India next to Bollywood Film Industry. Prolific film producer from the state, holds a for the most number of films produced by a person. In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu film industry produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in.
The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world. Ancient at in Kurnool District The state is home to various religious pilgrim destinations such as, temple, in, Gunadala Church in, Buddhist centres at, etc., and many more as well. Transport The state is well connected to other states through road and rail networks. It is also connected to other countries by means of airways and seaports as well. With a long seacoast along the, it also has many ports for sea trade. The state has one of the largest railway junctions at Vijayawada and one of the largest seaports at Visakhapatnam.
Is one of the Major Junction in Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh has a total railway route of 3703.25 km and has no railway. The rail density of the state is 16.59 per 1,000 km (620 mi), compared to an all India average of 20. The which runs through the state is proposed to be upgraded into a high-speed rail corridor through the project of the Indian Railways.
The railway network spans two, further subdivided into divisions –, and of., and of. There is a demand for creating a unified zone for the state based out of. There are three A1 and twenty three A-category railway stations in the state. Has been declared the cleanest railway station in the country. The railway station of was the first highest railway station in the country. Airports.
Agriculture University,. Andhra Pradesh has an overall of 67.41% as per the 2011 Indian census. The and school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the administration of the state School Education Department. These schools include Municipal, Andhra Pradesh Residential, Andhra Pradesh Social Welfare Residential, aided and unaided private schools. There a total of 6,864,201 students enrolled in 61,529 schools. The mediums of instruction are, English,.
The Directorate of Government Examinations of the state administers the conduct of examination. 652,374 candidates took the 2016 exam and recorded a pass percentage of 94.52% for regular and 55.47% by private candidates. In the state is administered by the Department of Higher Education. The central universities are, Central University of Andhra Pradesh, Agriculture University, Guntur and IIFT Kakinada. The established Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) in 2008 to cater to the education needs of the rural youth of Andhra Pradesh. As per the University Grants Commission, and are the in the state. There are 18 state universities in the districts providing higher education in,.
Is the oldest of the universities in the state, established in 1926. Research Research institutes have been set up by the central state government. Main article: The Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh is the governing body which looks after the infrastructure development in, etc. Is one of the most popular sports in the state. The in is the home to. The venue regularly hosts international as well as domestic matches.
Notable cricketers from Andhra Pradesh include former Indian captain, and., from in, is an., the first female Indian to win an, hails from of Andhra Pradesh. She won the bronze medal on 19 September 2000, in the 69 kg category with a lift of 240 kg. Of, Andhra Pradesh, is a four-time world record holder.
Is a former player. He won the in 2001, becoming the second Indian to win after.
(1985 or 1986 – 24 October 2010) was an Indian archer and coach who won a silver medal at the Asian Grand Prix in Malaysia, and was a National Archery Coach. See also. –.